12/5/2023 0 Comments Biological unity definitionKnowledge can be defined as ability to accomplish reliably a low-probable action. Human beings are biological entities and they share many defining characteristics with other living entities (and vice versa). I beg pardon of those who cannot stand anthropomorphisms. This total knowledge is knowledge how to reproduce itself. And this knowledge is only a trifling part of the total knowledge any organism enjoys. Just as I know the route from my home to my work and back. It is evident that swallow knows the route, there and back. I hope nobody will try to calculate the probability of such event proceeding from the physical causality and stochasticity. The swallow, building its nest in my shed near Moscow, flies to South Africa and returns strictly to the same shed every year. It is absolutely different form of existence, the higher form. It is not just extended physics and chemistry. It gets increasingly evident that life is not a physical process. … “…knowledge is a natural phenomenon which originated long before humans.” To exist long, the living forms of existence must be able to keep the balance of dissipation and attraction. On the other hand, the longevity implies limitation of the force of interaction, resistance to collapse, to annihilation in singularity. Thus, the evolution of the Universe implies the development of resistance to dissipation, to chaos, to entropy. Longevity is a quantitative measure of existence. “The only meaningful and objective definition of adaptation would be persistence”. This principle – “survival of those who survive” – sounds as a tautology, but it is the great tautology: Everything genuinely new emerges through this principle. In the course of evolution, ephemeral forms are replaced by more lasting ones. Various objects continuously arising in the Universe have different longevities, from infinitesimal fractions of a second to billions of years. The prebiotic evolution shares the same major principle with biological evolution. These interactions beget numerous new forms of existence, new entities. The four fundamental physical interactions (weak and strong nuclear interactions, electromagnetic interaction, and gravitation) prevent immediate dissipation of the inanimate entities. Why does the Universe not dissipate immediately? The components of the Universe interact with each other, thus retarding the dissipation. What is the dissipating force? Generally speaking, it is energy. The second law of thermodynamics predicts final dissipation or destruction in collapse of everything in the Universe. There are two major forms of existence: inanimate and animate. Too strong interaction leads to collapse, disappearance in singularity. Any existence implies a balance between two opposite forces – dissipating and compressing, repulsion and attraction. The interaction should prevent the dissipation, but not more than this. This is, however, only one side of the coin. The existence of the Universe depends on the mutual affinity of its constituents, their ability to interact with each other, thus resisting the general aspiration for evenness. Biological evolution cannot retain and does not retain everything that randomly emerges. But the biological world follows the same global principle: organisms, populations, species are discrete stable entities, the intermediate configurations being volatile. The creationists still keep using the absence of this continuum as evidence against biological evolution. It may sound funny today that the Darwinian natural selection, acting by accumulation of tiny heritable changes, was initially supposed to produce an even continuum of the living beings. Many will agree that thermodynamic equilibrium means death for a biological entity, but it is true for any system as well. They are far from thermodynamic equilibrium. It means that the world components and the Universe itself resist chaos. That is there are a limited number of configurations of matter that are fairly stable and lasting, the intermediate ones being volatile. The Universe consists of discrete entities: elementary particles, atoms, molecules, planets, stars, galaxies. “Artificial Intelligence description method for deliberative agents functioning on the basis of beliefs, desires and intentions as known in Artificial Intelligence, can be used successfully to describe essential aspects of cellular regulation” “Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice.” Our major enemy is not another being but our imperfection
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